Illegal online trade in mummified remains

A study led by bioarchaeologist Kirsty Squires at the University of Staffordshire has documented an illegal online trade in mummified human and animal remains. Analyzing 128 advertisements posted between 2015 and 2025, researchers found that most items—including skulls, hands, feet, and embalmed animals—originated from Egypt and South America, with high demand in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

The research identifies significant health risks associated with these transactions. Analysis of the listings revealed evidence of potentially dangerous microbial growth on many specimens, noting that biological colonization may not be visible to the naked eye. Furthermore, researchers warned of the danger posed by toxic substances historically used for preservation.

The study highlights that sellers often fail to provide safety guidelines or use protective equipment, increasing risks to buyers, postal workers, and customs officials. The report also links the trade to historical dangers such as grave robbing and the disturbance of burial sites.