India Su-30MKI radar and missile modernization programme

India is proceeding with the Super Sukhoi programme to modernize its Su-30MKI fighter jet fleet. The initiative involves replacing aging Russian-origin radar systems with the indigenous Virupaksha radar, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

A key component, the Active Antenna Array Unit (AAAU) being constructed by Astra Microwave Products, utilizes Gallium Nitride to improve energy efficiency, reduce weight, and increase resistance to electronic interference. Once operational, the Virupaksha system is expected to detect conventional aircraft at distances of 300 to 400 kilometers and maintain detection of stealth aircraft beyond 200 kilometers. The estimated cost for an initial batch of 84 aircraft is between ₹60,000 and ₹65,000 crore, pending approval from the Cabinet Committee on Security.

To counter advanced aerial threats such as China’s stealthy J-20, the Indian Air Force is looking to enhance the Su-30MKI fleet with these indigenous AESA radar upgrades. Alongside radar modernization, the Indian Ministry of Defence is considering a proposal to modify the fleet—which consists of more than 260 aircraft—to integrate the Russian-origin RVV-BD air-to-air missile. This weapon is capable of engaging high-value assets, such as Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft and electronic warfare platforms, at speeds of approximately Mach 6 and ranges up to 300 kilometers. Such integration would require significant technical updates to mission control systems, radar software, and weapon management systems.

Additionally, India is pursuing broader modernization efforts, including a potential project with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to overhaul the aircraft’s AL-31 engines to enhance overall detection and strike capabilities.