Indonesian government debate over indigenous Papuan identity

The definition of ‘Orang Asli Papua’ (OAP), or indigenous Papuans, has become a subject of government clarification following concerns over social identity and resource allocation.

Initially, Deputy Minister of Home Affairs Ribka Haluk dismissed reports suggesting plans to redefine the term as “hoaxes,” asserting that the definition remains legally established under Law Number 21 of 2001.

However, Minister of Home Affairs Tito Karnavian later clarified that the debate is linked to the revision of Law Number 2 of 2021 regarding Special Autonomy (Otsus). The revision increases special autonomy funds from 2% to 2.25% of the national general allocation fund, necessitating precise criteria to ensure funds are distributed for the development of indigenous Papuans.

Karnavian noted a lack of consensus on specific criteria, with disagreements persisting over whether OAP status requires both parents to be indigenous, only one parent, or includes those adopted through customary law. He indicated that discussions with Minister of Human Rights Natalius Pigai have helped align policy direction with the funding mandate.