[REVISION HISTORY]

Land and territorial conflicts in Brazil

Updated 3 times since CLSTR started tracking revisions of this situation.

What changed

2026-08-13 21:56 UTC → 2026-08-13 23:43 UTC · added ~~removed~~

In the first half of 2026, reports from the Brazilian Confederation of Agriculture and Livestock documented 41 incidents of illegal rural land occupation. These invasions, primarily attributed to social movements like the Landless Workers' Movement and some indigenous groups, led lawmakers to propose legislation, such as PL 3.768/2021, to increase property protection and reform the agrarian settlement process. Concurrently, data from the Missionary Indigenous Council (Cimi) indicates a significant rise in violence against indigenous populations. Indigenous murders increased by 22.3% compared to the previous year, totaling 258 deaths in 2025, up from 211 in 2024. This surge in mortality is concentrated in Roraima (82 deaths), Amazonas (47 deaths), and Mato Grosso do Sul (37 deaths). The Cimi report identifies three primary categories of violence: attacks against individuals, attacks against property, and violence resulting from state omission. Territorial disputes remain a major driver, particularly in areas where official demarcation processes have faced delays for over a decade. Legal instability surrounding Law 14.701, known as the ‘Marco Temporal’ law, is cited as a factor exacerbating these conflicts. Beyond physical violence, the council highlights a humanitarian crisis characterized by increased rates of suicide and child mortality. The report notes the devastating impact of illegal mining, specifically in the TI Sararé territory in Mato Grosso, alongside threats from agribusiness expansion and the illegal leasing of traditional territories. Recent findings further detail this crisis, noting 25 cases of sexual violence, 38 attempted murders, and 46 incidents of racism. Additionally, indigenous infant mortality rose by 11%, with 1,024 deaths recorded for children up to age four, while suicides increased by 3.3%, primarily affecting those aged 20 to 29.

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