North Sea marine ecosystem shifts due to warming

Rising water temperatures in the North Sea are driving a significant shift in marine ecosystems, particularly along the Belgian coast. Scientific data shows that surface temperatures in 2025 were 0.9 degrees Celsius warmer than the 1997–2021 average, creating ideal conditions for cephalopod eggs. This warming trend has seen southern, shallower parts of the sea increase by four degrees over the last century, leading to a decline in traditional catches like cod and crab.

As a result, species such as squid and octopus are becoming increasingly abundant. Tom Premereur, Director of the Flemish Fish Auction, noted that while fishermen caught almost no squid eight or nine years ago, they now find them making up the majority of their catches.

The influx of wild squid (Illex coindetii) has created new economic and culinary opportunities. The species has become one of the five most frequently caught species by Belgian fishermen, offering a firmer texture and a more affordable price point than common squid. While the species is versatile for culinary uses like stews or grilling, much of the current catch is being exported to Spain and Italy.