Syrian political transition and recovery

Following the overthrow of the Bashar al-Assad regime in December 2024, Syria has entered a period of political transition and national recovery. The UN Security Council has noted progress in the agriculture and energy sectors, the return of citizens to their homes, and the dissolution of the Syrian Democratic Forces. International discussions have shifted toward long-term reconstruction investment, supported by the United States’ decision to remove Syria from its list of state sponsors of terrorism to facilitate trade.

However, significant challenges to stability remain. The UN Security Council has addressed Israeli military incursions into Syrian territory, which members noted violate sovereignty and hinder stabilization.

Concurrently, the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria has warned that a sustainable transition depends on achieving justice for past and recent atrocities. While the establishment of a constitutional court and a legislative body are viewed as progress, investigators argue that current judicial proceedings are insufficient to address the scale of violations. Concerns persist regarding violence in western Syria and the coast, instability in Sweida, and the ongoing status of hundreds of missing persons.