Development of bio-based construction materials

Researchers are developing biological construction materials for use on Earth and Mars. An international collaboration involving Manipal University Jaipur and Louisiana Technological University has produced a sustainable cement using human fecal sludge. This biochar-based material can potentially be 42% stronger than standard concrete while reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

Concurrently, scientists at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology are focusing on Martian habitation. They have developed a 3D-printing formula using a mixture of Martian regolith, gelatin, and genetically modified yeast. The yeast is engineered to produce adhesive proteins similar to those used by mussels to ensure structural integrity.

Lead engineer Jishen Qiu explained that the low temperatures and pressure on Mars facilitate a freeze-drying process during extrusion, resulting in a lightweight, porous, foam-like structure. While current testing has only produced small domes approximately 45mm high, the material is reported to be as strong as concrete, recyclable, and reusable, offering a method to build colonies without transporting heavy materials from Earth.