Electric vehicle battery fire safety research

Research and market analysis regarding electric vehicle (EV) battery fire safety have emerged from both technical and industrial perspectives.

The UL Research Institutes conducted 18 full-scale fire experiments to assist firefighters in developing suppression tactics. The study concluded that while EV fires grow at rates similar to gasoline vehicles, no current tactic—including water, fire blankets, or added suppression agents—was able to halt thermal runaway. However, researchers noted that water remains effective for suppressing cabin flames and that existing protective equipment is adequate for responders.

Complementing these tactical findings, IDTechEx released a market report focusing on fire protection materials for EV batteries through 2037. This analysis examines how battery design and regulations influence the demand for materials such as ceramics, aerogels, and polymers across various vehicle segments, including passenger cars, buses, and motorcycles.

As lithium-ion powered vehicle use increases across personal, commercial, and heavy machinery sectors, the risk of ‘thermal runaway’ due to electrical faults or mechanical damage remains a central concern. Berkan Bayram, President of the Türkiye Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Association (TEHAD), noted that while public debate is high, statistical data suggests EVs are safe when properly maintained. Bayram cited statistics showing 25 fire incidents per 100,000 electric cars, compared to 1,530 for internal combustion engine vehicles and 3,475 for hybrids.

To mitigate risks, manufacturers utilize armored outer shells and specialized cooling systems. Experts emphasize that maintaining battery integrity is crucial, warning that physical damage to the undercarriage or unauthorized repairs to high-voltage systems can compromise safety.