Health risks of self-medication

The risks associated with self-medication involve both physiological and psychological dangers. Initial concerns focus on the misuse of over-the-counter analgesics and anti-inflammatories, which can mask complex pathologies and lead to organ failure in the liver and kidneys, or gastric issues such as bleeding ulcers.

Further complications include the development of antibiotic resistance and the potential for physical tolerance or psychological dependence. The scope of risk extends to incorrect dosages, sudden treatment suspension, and dangerous drug interactions. Special attention is directed toward psychotropic drugs, including sedatives, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Specifically, the use of benzodiazepines is noted for its potential to cause abuse, physical dependence, and withdrawal symptoms.

Recently, health authorities in Peru and Mexico issued specific warnings regarding these dangers. In Peru, the Ministry of Health, via Digemid, cautioned against administering unauthorized medications—such as those for allergies, pain, or anxiety—to individuals with Alzheimer’s without medical supervision. Officials noted these can exacerbate confusion, disorientation, and drowsiness, increasing the risk of falls and fractures. Lida Hildebrandt, director of Digemid, emphasized that new drugs should never be added to a treatment plan without professional evaluation due to potential adverse interactions.

In Mexico, the Secretariat of Health warned that consuming drugs based on recommendations from social media, friends, or family can lead to incorrect diagnoses, allergic reactions, and intoxications. The agency highlighted the danger of misusing antibiotics, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance and is ineffective against viral infections.