Weather changes and avalanche risks in Tatra mountains

The Tatra and Beskid mountain ranges experienced a sudden onset of winter-like weather characterized by the first snowfalls and significant temperature drops. In the Slovak Tatra Mountains, snow depths exceeded 20 centimeters in high-altitude areas, while temperatures at peaks like Lomnický štít fell to approximately −6 °C. In the Polish Tatras and Beskid mountains, strong winds, fog, and deteriorating trail conditions were reported. Following this initial cold period, a shift toward warmer temperatures occurred. The Tatra Volunteer Search and Rescue (TOPR) issued a first-degree avalanche warning for areas above 1,900 meters, noting that rising temperatures could trigger spontaneous avalanches caused by heavy, wet snow on steep slopes. Rescuers also warned of icing and difficult orientation on snow-covered trails. Conditions have intensified as temperatures at Kasprowy Wierch are expected to reach up to 12°C. This warming trend increases the risk of spontaneous avalanches, particularly on steep, grassy, or rocky terrain. TOPR has advised against hiking above mountain shelters and urged caution due to ongoing snow and ice. Increased tourist activity during this period has resulted in several emergencies. On Saturday, TOPR rescuers responded to ten interventions, including four helicopter rescues. Reported incidents include a tourist suffering cardiac arrest in the Chochołowska Valley and another individual requiring evacuation from Rysy due to a psychomotor block. Recent rescue operations have highlighted the dangers of inadequate preparation. A five-person group from Ukraine, including a 10-year-old child, became stranded on the Rysy ridge after attempting an ascent without essential winter gear such as crampons, ice axes, or helmets. Other serious incidents include the helicopter evacuation of tourists from Israel in the Kulczyński Couloir, a severe head injury following an 80-meter fall near Świnicka Pass, and a 200-meter fall in the Zawrat Couloir.