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Poland fiscal and regulatory reforms 2026–2027

Overview

In early May 2026, the Polish government broadened existing levies, adding a 1% reprographic fee on consumer electronics and raising the RTV subscription charge. Mid-May saw a parliamentary clash over cryptocurrency regulation, while June marked a shift toward structural reforms. The Ministry of Finance rolled out the mandatory National e-Invoice System (KSeF), mandating XML-based invoicing for most taxpayers. By August 2026, KSeF had processed over 340 million invoices from 2 million taxpayers, though integration challenges persisted. High-volume firms faced API throughput limits and file-size caps, while nearly 20% of corrective invoices contained structural or logical errors.

Operational concerns regarding KSeF have intensified. Businesses report receiving invoices via PDF or paper outside the system, creating uncertainty regarding input VAT deductions. Security critics highlight that security gateways are managed by Imperva and analytical servers are located in Israel. Additionally, the ability to search for invoices anonymously using five data points is cited as a risk for data theft. While KSeF increases transparency, it is also exposing significant SME debt, with company debt to factoring entities reaching 296.2 million PLN.

To support the transition, the Ministry of Finance has moved to delay the imposition of administrative penalties for technical errors or non-compliance. While the system becomes mandatory for all entrepreneurs on January 1, 2027, a draft amendment to VAT regulations has been submitted to the Sejm to postpone financial sanctions—such as those for issuing invoices outside the system or late submissions—until January 1, 2028. This delay aims to allow businesses, particularly smaller enterprises, more time to adjust accounting systems and staff training. If passed, these regulations are expected to take effect on December 31, 2026.

Entities

Ministry of Finance · Poland · National Revenue Administration · Krajowy System e-Faktur · KSeF

Claims

What the coverage asserts, and how many sources carry each claim.

Timeline

  1. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland proposes delaying KSeF financial penalties until 2028

    The Polish government plans to delay financial penalties for National e-Invoicing System (KSeF) errors until 2028, though mandatory use of the system for all businesses will still begin in 2027.

  2. [BUSINESS] 6 sources
    Poland considers delaying KSeF penalties for businesses

    The Polish government plans to delay administrative penalties for KSeF e-invoicing non-compliance by one year to allow businesses more time for technical and organizational implementation.

  3. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland considers delaying KSeF penalties to 2028

    Poland's Ministry of Finance plans to delay KSeF-related penalties until 2028, though tax compliance remains mandatory. Meanwhile, developers criticize the system's outage notification tool for being unreliable

  4. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland to phase out NIP-based receipts from cash registers by 2027

    From January 2027, Polish cash registers will lose the ability to issue NIP-based simplified invoices, shifting all invoicing functions to the KSeF system to ensure regulatory consistency.

  5. [BUSINESS] 7 sources
    Poland to implement VAT changes and joint liability in 2027

    Starting January 1, 2027, Polish businesses may face expanded joint liability for unpaid VAT by contractors regarding services like accounting, advertising, and IT, subject to specific transaction thresholds.

  6. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    KSeF tax rulings clarify VAT deductions and split payment usage

    Polish tax authorities clarified that KSeF errors by sellers should not prevent VAT deductions and that companies may voluntarily use split payment markings on invoices.

  7. [BUSINESS] 4 sources
    Poland delays KSeF e-invoicing penalties until 2027

    Poland's Ministry of Finance will postpone penalties for KSeF e-invoicing errors until December 31, 2027, though the system remains mandatory for all businesses starting January 1, 2027.

  8. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland extends KSeF e-invoicing penalty grace period to 2027

    Poland's Ministry of Finance is extending the period without penalties for KSeF e-invoicing errors until the end of 2027 to support businesses during the system's mandatory rollout.

  9. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    KSeF e-invoicing system increases transparency and exposes SME debt

    The introduction of the KSeF e-invoicing system in Poland is increasing financial transparency, exposing significant SME debt to factoring companies and necessitating more efficient digital invoice management.

  10. [BUSINESS] 4 sources
    Poland's KSeF e-invoicing system faces security and compliance concerns

    Poland's mandatory KSeF e-invoicing system faces scrutiny over VAT deduction uncertainties, cybersecurity vulnerabilities in its data handling, and complex tax compliance requirements.

  11. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland tax authority updates rules on premature invoicing

    Poland's National Revenue Administration has updated its interpretation of prematurely issued invoices, reducing the risk of them being classified as ‘empty invoices’ and providing more certainty for businesses

  12. [BUSINESS] 4 sources
    Poland accelerates digitalization of business accounting and tax systems

    Poland is accelerating the digitalization of business accounting through the mandatory National e-Invoice System (KSeF) and digital tax books, affecting all entrepreneurs by 2027.

  13. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland implements VAT regulatory updates and reforms

    Poland is introducing VAT reforms starting October 2026, featuring simplified reporting and stricter contractor verification requirements to prevent tax fraud.

  14. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland's KSeF system enables automated fuel card invoicing

    The implementation of Poland's KSeF e-invoicing system allows fuel cards to automate accounting processes by sending structured invoices directly to the government platform.

  15. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    KSeF e-invoicing system increases economic oversight in Poland

    Poland's mandatory KSeF e-invoicing system will increase the granularity of state economic oversight, posing operational and liquidity challenges for sectors like gastronomy.

  16. [BUSINESS] 4 sources
    Poland to implement mandatory KSeF e-invoicing system

    Poland is introducing the mandatory KSeF e-invoicing system, with phased implementation starting February 2026 for large taxpayers, shifting business operations toward structured XML files.

  17. [BUSINESS] 4 sources
    Poland introduces tax reforms for fiscal registers and interpretations

    Poland is introducing tax reforms, including separating fiscal register functions from invoicing by 2027 and limiting the validity of individual tax interpretations to five years.

  18. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland's KSeF e‑Invoicing Integration and Training for Accounting Firms

    ifirma releases a KSeF integration guide and Portal Dokumentów offers a training course to help Polish accounting firms manage e‑invoices, covering activation, automatic posting and workflow tools.

  19. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Poland to eliminate VAT payment penalties and increase court fees for misdemeanors

    Poland plans to scrap penalties for wrong‑account VAT payments and to raise misdemeanor court fees, aiming to ease business burdens and align fees with inflation.

  20. [BUSINESS] 10 sources
    Poland's 2027 VAT and invoicing reforms raise responsibilities for businesses

    Poland's new tax reforms (2026‑2027) simplify KSeF invoice corrections, alter VAT rules, expand purchaser liability for services, raise e‑cigarette excise and tighten JPK filing deadlines.

  21. [BUSINESS] 4 sources
    Poland's KSeF e-Invoicing System Faces Integration Errors

    Poland's KSeF e‑invoicing system, mandatory since April 2026, faces integration issues, errors in corrective invoices and API limits, with penalties set for 2027.

  22. [BUSINESS] 8 sources
    Poland's KSeF e‑invoicing system faces error rates and calls for technical upgrades

    Poland's KSeF system has processed 340 million invoices from 2 million taxpayers, but 18% of corrective invoices contain errors, prompting calls for higher API limits and clarification on private‑lease invoicer

  23. [BUSINESS] 7 sources
    Polish households increasingly keep cash savings at home

    28 % of Poles keep cash at home amid geopolitical and cyber‑security worries; cash in circulation hit a record 443 bn zł, while experts debate euro adoption and a cash‑less future.

  24. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Polish Survey Finds 57% Support Clear Crypto Regulations to Boost Trust

    A UCE Research survey for Kanga Exchange shows 57% of Poles think clear crypto regulations would raise trust, while 25% disagree and 18% are undecided; experts say education remains essential.

  25. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland's Finance Minister Andrzej Domański faces stalled tax reforms and proposed bank CIT hike

    Poland's Finance Minister Andrzej Domański sees his tax proposals delayed, while a minister pushes for a further bank CIT increase to raise billions for the budget.

  26. [BUSINESS] 6 sources
    Poland faces wave of tax hikes and payroll AI overhaul

    Poland confronts rising VAT, new property tax rates, a proposal to lift the second PIT bracket and a shift to AI‑driven payroll amid talent shortages.

  27. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland says invoice signatures not required; KSeF e‑invoices may miss cost details

    Polish law confirms invoices are valid without signatures, but the KSeF e‑invoicing system limits internal notes, prompting businesses to keep detailed internal records to justify cost deductions.

  28. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland to simplify VAT registration from Oct 2026

    Poland’s finance ministry will, from 1 Oct 2026, drop the VAT‑Z filing for CEIDG/KRS firms and waive VAT‑R updates after address changes, while tightening registration refusals.

  29. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland's mandatory e‑invoicing system drives firms to rethink accounting methods

    Polish firms must choose between self‑service bookkeeping or accountants, while the mandatory KSeF e‑invoice system, effective April 2026, standardises invoicing and imposes new compliance rules.

  30. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland's Finance Ministry to automate VAT returns using e‑Invoice system KSeF

    Poland's finance ministry aims to automate VAT returns and JPK_V7 filings via the KSeF e‑invoice system, though experts warn of data gaps; a tax council congress reviewed early implementation challenges and the

  31. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Polish Tax Office Issues New Rules for Fixing NIP Errors and Farmer Invoicing in e‑Invoice System KSeF

    Polish tax authorities set a two‑step fix for wrong NIP on KSeF invoices and outline who must issue invoices—buyers for flat‑rate farmers, sellers for VAT‑registered farmers—effective from 2026.

  32. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland's KSeF e‑Invoice Platform Gains Early Praise but Needs Enhancements

    Poland's KSeF e‑invoice system, now mandatory, is praised by large firms but challenges SMEs; the finance ministry seeks API upgrades, English support, and batch corrections.

  33. [TECHNOLOGY] 2 sources
    Polish SMEs face rising threats from organized cybercriminal groups

    A Mastercard study shows Polish SMEs underestimate cyber risk as organized crime groups—likened to corporations with HR departments—target them, while local authorities lag in defenses.

  34. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Polish adults divided on crypto safety as Gen Z favors bonds over digital assets

    Polls show 32% of Poles deem crypto safe versus 50% unsafe, while Gen Z prefers bonds (24%) over crypto (14%) and seeks better financial education.

  35. [TECHNOLOGY] 2 sources
    Poland sets guidelines for solar panel durability and 5‑year inspections

    Poland's solar panels can operate 30‑40 years but lose efficiency after 25 years; inverters and batteries need replacement in 10‑15 years, and the law mandates a comprehensive inspection at least every five ​​​

  36. [CRIME] 2 sources
    Polish police and TV Puls launch senior fraud-prevention campaign #ZnamTeNumery

    Polish police and TV Puls’s #ZnamTeNumery campaign educated seniors on scams in Kraków and enlisted schoolchildren nationwide, with a contest winner from Knurow.

  37. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland and Germany roll out new driver regulations

    Poland eases vehicle registration from June 2026, while Germany extends traffic‑fine deadlines to six months starting July 2026, affecting drivers across the EU.

  38. [BUSINESS] 8 sources
    Polish car owners warned of appraisal fees, tax duties and upkeep costs

    Polish drivers face appraisal fees (300‑900 zł), 2 % PCC tax, maintenance record impacts on resale, PPF vs ceramic coating choices, and new competition from Chinese electric cars.

  39. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland's KRRiT Allocates Nearly 2 million Zł to Regional Public Radio, Details New RTV Fee Rules

    KRRiT directs almost 2 million zł to three regional public radio stations, rejects TVP and Polskie Radio reports, and sets the 2026 RTV fee at 9.50 zł (radio) and 30.50 zł (TV) with exemptions for seniors on ≤4

  40. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Polish Media Regulator KRRiT Returns Nearly 2 Million Zł to Three Public Radio Operators

    KRRiT transferred about 2 million zł from the finance ministry’s court deposit to three regional public radio stations and approved concessions for TBN Polska and ON/OFF TV, while reviewing 2025 media reports.

  41. [TECHNOLOGY] 2 sources
    Polish Data Protection Office warns of inadequate SMS MFA and risks to children online

    Poland's data regulator says SMS MFA is insufficient, warns of session‑token theft, and urges education on child data protection and online risks.

  42. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Polish debt climbs: middle‑aged households owe 28 bn zł, farmers over 5.6 mn zł each

    Polish adults 36‑59 owe 28 bn zł and 3 415 farmers owe 230.5 mn zł, with the biggest farm debt over 5.6 mn zł, underscoring rising financial pressures.

  43. [TECHNOLOGY] 4 sources
    Polish banking sector and public transport face rising cyber threats

    Polish banking officials report low detection rates for cyber fraud while experts warn ransomware could disrupt public transport and stress the need for stronger security in digital document systems.

  44. [TECHNOLOGY] 2 sources
    Polish PV Panels Dominate Small Solar Installations as Solar Thermal Lags Behind

    Poland’s small‑scale renewable market is almost entirely PV, with 99.9% of installations up to 50 kW, while solar thermal remains niche, limited by seasonal performance and recent net‑billing changes.

  45. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland's industrial firms see rising debt despite production gains

    Polish industry output rose in March, but overdue debt jumped to 8.6 bn zł, with food and metal sectors hardest hit; many firms fear cost hikes and labor shortages.

  46. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland blocks MiCA rollout while Hungary lifts crypto crackdown

    Poland vetoes MiCA rollout over regulatory concerns, while Hungary ends crypto criminalisation, highlighting EU tensions over crypto rules.

  47. [TECHNOLOGY] 5 sources
    Poland warns of rising cyber fraud and attacks targeting citizens and businesses

    Polish officials warn that cyber attacks have surged 144% last year, with fraud using fake mObywatel messages and AI‑driven threats prompting a shift to cyber‑resilience and new EU regulations.

  48. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland's Zondacrypto scandal sparks government criticism and presidential veto controversy

    Polish MP Zbigniew Bogucki blames the Tusk government for inaction on the Zondacrypto fraud, while foreign minister Radosław Sikorski says President Karol Nawrocki’s veto and refusal to extradite a suspect show

  49. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland faces rising public debt and record low fertility rates

    Poland’s debt surged to 2.44 trn zł and its fertility rate fell to 1.068, prompting economists to warn of long‑term growth and demographic challenges.

  50. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish President vetoes third crypto‑law, delaying EU MiCA rollout

    Poland’s president vetoed a third crypto‑law, blocking the designation of a national regulator and delaying MiCA implementation; Polska 2050 is drafting a rescue bill to protect ~3 million investors.

  51. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland's Crypto Bill Faces President's Veto Amid Zondacrypto Influence Claims

    Poland's crypto‑asset law was vetoed by President Karol Nawrocki after allegations that exchange Zondacrypto influenced its drafting; Prime Minister Donald Tusk suggested deeper presidential involvement.

  52. [CRIME] 2 sources
    Polish seniors targeted with free fraud‑prevention webinars and police workshops

    Poland’s Financial Supervision Authority offered a free senior webinar on June 29 2026 to curb fraud, while Warsaw police gave a June workshop teaching seniors to spot fake SMS, phone scams and stay safe in the

  53. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    Poland eases vehicle registration, ending plate‑removal requirement

    Poland will stop requiring plates at registration for used cars from 10 June 2026, drop paper inspection certificates, let scrappers destroy plates, and launch online registration in 2027, alongside fee hikes.

  54. [TECHNOLOGY] 4 sources
    Poland's PGE launches drone inspections of residential solar installations

    PGE Dystrybucja will use drones to spot solar panels with undeclared capacity, warn owners, and enforce penalties or shutdowns to protect Poland's grid stability.

  55. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland to Replace RTV Subscription with Flat Audiovisual Tax in 2027

    Poland will replace its RTV subscription with a flat 8‑9 zł monthly audiovisual tax from 2027, ending device registration and postal inspections; current fines for non‑payment can reach 1,425 zł.

  56. [CULTURE] 2 sources
    Poland's low birth rate linked to women's expectations, says expert

    Expert Mateusz Łakomy says Poland's low birth rate stems from women's unrealistic expectations and inadequate family conditions, not lack of desire for children.

  57. [CULTURE] 2 sources
    Poland's falling birth rate viewed as demographic shift, not crisis

    Poland's fertility rate dropped to 1.068, seen as a global demographic shift. Experts cite housing, job insecurity, cultural changes, and smartphone use as causes, urging policy tweaks to slow depopulation.

  58. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    EU Commission urges Poland to overhaul pension system

    The EU Commission’s 2026 European Semester advises Poland to tighten its finances and reform its pension system, including raising retirement age and tackling women’s pension poverty.

  59. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Polish online casinos expand payment options with Paysafecard and instant payouts

    Polish online casinos are adding Paysafecard for anonymous deposits and Lightning Fast Money 500’s instant payout service, enhancing payment convenience and security.

  60. [CRIME] 2 sources
    Poland expands senior fraud‑prevention program and warns of online shop scams

    Poland launches a nationwide senior fraud‑prevention education programme and the cybercrime bureau warns consumers about fake online stores and phishing scams.

  61. [CRIME] 3 sources
    Polish tax authorities can investigate car purchases after neighbor tip

    Polish tax offices can act on anonymous neighbor tips about costly purchases, checking car‑sale declarations and other income for possible tax evasion.

  62. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish households increasingly stop paying TV licence fees

    Polish TV licence compliance drops as only 2.6 million of 12.5 million households pay, with fee hikes planned for 2027.

  63. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland's transport fare evaders and advertising agencies owe over 470 million zł

    Poland faces over 470 million zł in unpaid debts, with 366 million zł from transport fare evaders and 112 million zł from advertising agencies, according to KRD data.

  64. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    Polish Media Regulator KRRiT Submits 2025 Activity Report to Government

    Poland's media regulator KRRiT submitted its 2025 report to top state officials, detailing challenges like public‑media liquidation, election‑campaign bias, 18,000 complaints and new broadcasting licences.

  65. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    Poland's tax authority scrutinized over data security and bank account seizures

    Polish tax officials face criticism over KSeF data privacy and aggressive bank‑account seizure enforcement affecting businesses.

  66. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Polish companies evaluate solar leasing benefits and leasing refinancing options

    Polish firms see solar PV leasing as a cost‑cutting, tax‑advantaged path to energy independence and are also exploring refinancing leases to improve liquidity and meet grant ownership requirements.

  67. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish public backs crypto ban as scandals rise

    A May 2026 poll shows 33% of Poles favor a total cryptocurrency ban after Zondacrypto scandals, with PiS lawmakers having already proposed a ban in parliament.

  68. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland to enforce car radio fees with windshield photo inspections

    From 22 May, Poland’s postal service will photograph car radios and licence plates to enforce unpaid RTV fees, with fines up to 285 zł for private owners and higher for businesses.

  69. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland's KSeF e‑invoicing system hits compliance setbacks and limited legal use

    Poland's mandatory KSeF invoicing system faces major compliance gaps, with most invoices never entering legal circulation, high SME costs, rising VAT disputes and broader EU digital‑tax concerns.

  70. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland expands farm subsidy deadlines and adds higher payments for peatland protection

    Poland sets new twice‑yearly claim windows for agricultural compensation and offers up to 2 387 zł/ha for peatland protection until 1 June.

  71. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Poland's tax courts affirm VAT deduction rights as e‑invoice system reshapes invoice correction rules

    Polish courts protect VAT deduction rights for unregistered sellers, while KSeF sets invoice correction receipt dates by KSeF ID.

  72. [BUSINESS] 5 sources
    Poland expands solar subsidies while regulator fines oversized PV systems

    Poland offers new PV grants up to 28,000 zł and tax relief, but URE has fined 132 owners a total of 129,800 zł for exceeding the 50 kWp limit.

  73. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland to raise RTV licence fees and fines in 2027

    Poland's KRRiT announced higher RTV fees for 2027—radio 10.80 PLN and TV 34.50 PLN monthly—and steeper penalties for non‑payment.

  74. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland raises RTV subscription fees and penalties for non‑payment

    Poland hikes RTV fees to 34.50 zł/month for TV and 10.80 zł for radios; penalties rise to 30‑times the fee for non‑payment.

  75. [POLITICS] 6 sources
    Poland's parliamentary clash over cryptocurrency regulation

    Polish lawmakers are split on crypto rules, with Poland 2050 pushing a moderate bill while PiS proposes a harsh ban, sparking internal party conflict.

  76. [CRIME] 3 sources
    Polish Tax Office and CERT Alert Sellers on Online Marketplace Risks

    Polish tax office issues notices to online sellers and CERT warns of rising OLX scams, urging caution.

  77. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland expands KSeF e‑invoicing to Allegro sellers and municipal services

    Poland’s KSeF now mandates e‑invoices for Allegro B2B sales and municipal billing, with automation tools easing compliance.

  78. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Polish regulators expand reprographic levy to smartphones and TVs

    Poland adds smartphones and TVs to its reprographic levy, prompting industry warnings that costs will hit consumers.

  79. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Poland's new reprographic fee to raise up to 200 million zł for artists

    Poland's updated 1% reprographic fee on devices could generate up to 200 million zł for artists, sparking political and artistic debate.

  80. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Polish lawmakers unite on crypto law despite party differences

    Polish parties debate new crypto law, with rare KO‑PiS handshake signaling limited consensus.

  81. [BUSINESS] 4 sources
    Poland tightens cybersecurity rules for digital payments and key firms

    Poland tightens cybersecurity rules for digital payments and mandates key firms to self‑register in the national system from May 2026.

  82. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland's KSeF e‑Invoice System to Add Business Event Tags, Impacting Freelancers

    Poland's KSeF will add business‑event tags to invoices, sparking benefits, privacy worries, and tighter settlement pressure for freelancers.

  83. [BUSINESS] 2 sources
    Poland pushes digital benefit payments while cash usage remains high amid coin shortages

    Poland seeks digital prepaid cards for social benefits to save billions, yet cash remains dominant with record circulation and coin shortages.

  84. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland expands reprographic fee to smartphones, tablets and computers

    Poland adds smartphones, tablets and laptops to a 1% reprographic fee, prompting PiS to call it a new tax by Donald Tusk.

Sources

artbiznes.pl · belchatow.pl · bezprawnik.pl · bilgorajska.pl · bioespacio.co · bitcoinbazis.hu · bizblog.spidersweb.pl · biznes.interia.pl · biznesalert.pl · biznesfeed.pl · biznesinfo.pl · blogtransportowy.pl · bochnianin.pl · brandsit.pl · businesspl.com · cashless.pl · cyfrowa.rp.pl · ddbelchatow.pl · dev.to · dlahandlu.pl · drobin.pl · dziennik-polityczny.com · e-warzywnictwo.pl · economx.hu · efakt.pl · elba.bioflux.com.ro · elektroenergetyka.pl · encyklopedia.moto.pl · everyfutbol.co · executivemagazine.pl · exorigo-upos.pl · fakt.pl · farmer.pl · fcmb.com · filmowalodz.pl · finanse.egospodarka.pl · firma.money.pl · firma.rp.pl · gazetaprawna.pl · gereformeerdekerken.nl · gigantic.com · gornictwo.wnp.pl · gospodarka.gazeta.pl · grunmannova.blog.sme.sk · gu.com.pl · historiadorioparatodos.com.br · hn.chinanews.com · ifirma.pl

This summary has been updated 15 times: see revision history