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80 clusters · 127 sources · 171 days · First seen · Last updated

Poland: Fiscal risks and intensifying political instability

Overview

Poland faces intensifying fiscal and political instability. Moody's has downgraded Poland's long-term foreign currency credit rating from A2 to A3, citing a permanent deterioration in fiscal strength. Government debt management strategies now project the public debt-to-GDP ratio could reach 59.2% by 2029, potentially triggering austerity mechanisms.

Political deadlock has deepened due to a severe confrontation between Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s government and the presidency. Internal friction within the ruling coalition has escalated. Tensions between the Polish People's Party (PSL) and the Left intensified after the Left failed to support a PSL-backed bill regarding term limits. In response, PSL leadership has threatened to reduce the competencies of Left-aligned deputy ministers in the ministries of agriculture, national defense, infrastructure, and energy.

Within the Ministry of Funds and Regional Policy, Deputy Jan Szyszko alleged that individuals not aligned with the Civic Coalition (KO) mainstream face media attacks and aggressive treatment. Minister Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz also cited a culture of pressure, including threats of dismissal during policy disputes.

Regarding the opposition, the Law and Justice (PiS) party is experiencing fragmentation. While former Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki seeks political independence, three local councilors in Poznań resigned from PiS, citing growing divisions and a desire to distance themselves from the 2017 to 2023 United Right government. Recent polling indicates the governing coalition would lose its parliamentary majority, with KO leading at 30.7%, while PiS has narrowed the gap to 4.3 percentage points.

Entities

Donald Tusk · Karol Nawrocki · Poland · Law and Justice · Mateusz Morawiecki

Claims

What the coverage asserts, and how many sources carry each claim.

Timeline

  1. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Polish politicians face internal friction and resignations

    Polish politics faces internal unrest as MP Artur Łącki labels coalition partners “pseudo-parties” and three Poznań councilors resign from PiS, citing party divisions.

  2. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish ruling coalition faces internal tension and polling uncertainty

    The Polish ruling coalition faces criticism from opposition figures and divided public opinion on whether a joint electoral list will help them retain power in 2027.

  3. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Poland: Coalition tensions rise as minister resigns

    Poland's governing coalition faces instability as Minister Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz resigns over policy disagreements, amid warnings of future parliamentary majority challenges.

  4. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland: Civic Coalition leads in latest polls as PiS narrows gap

    A recent poll shows the Civic Coalition leading in Poland at 30.7%, but the current governing coalition would lose its majority as PiS gains support to 26.4%.

  5. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Political tensions rise within Poland's governing coalition

    Political instability grows in Poland as the PSL threatens to strip the Left of ministerial powers following legislative disputes, amid allegations of a coercive governing culture.

  6. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland faces political instability amid abortion and term-limit disputes

    Polish Minister Katarzyna Pelczyńska-Nalecz has resigned from Donald Tusk's government following disputes over local term limits and ongoing legislative tensions regarding abortion reform.

  7. [POLITICS] 6 sources
    Przemysław Czarnek proposes uniting Polish right-wing parties

    Przemysław Czarnek proposes uniting Polish right-wing parties on a single electoral list to prevent Donald Tusk from retaining power.

  8. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Polish right-wing faces fragmentation amid Morawiecki and PiS tensions

    Polish right-wing politics face fragmentation as Mateusz Morawiecki criticizes PiS economic shifts, while analysts suggest Karol Nawrocki may emerge as a new central leader for the movement.

  9. [POLITICS] 7 sources
    Polish polls show KO winning most votes but losing power

    Polish polls suggest Koalicja Obywatelska would win the most votes, but a coalition of right-wing parties could potentially secure a majority in the Sejm.

  10. [POLITICS] 8 sources
    Poland faces political shifts in accountability and party leadership

    Poland faces shifting political dynamics as leaders emphasize legal standards in investigating past administrations while PiS experiences internal challenges to Jarosław Kaczyński's authority.

  11. [POLITICS] 8 sources
    Poland faces political shifts amid poll declines and diplomatic friction

    New polls suggest a potential right-wing majority in Poland's parliament, while internal government friction grows over an undocumented meeting between Deputy PM Kosiniak-Kamysz and US President Donald Trump.

  12. [POLITICS] 7 sources
    Poland: Polls show political instability and leadership doubts

    Polish polls show high public concern over the President-government conflict and doubt regarding Jarosław Kaczyński's control over the PiS party, alongside divided views on limiting presidential veto powers.

  13. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish right-wing leaders face internal power struggle

    Political tensions are mounting in Poland as Mateusz Morawiecki and President Karol Nawrocki navigate a power struggle with Jarosław Kaczyński and the Law and Justice party.

  14. [POLITICS] 18 sources
    Poland faces rising debt and political disputes over budget and US bases

    Poland faces rising public debt, projected to exceed 55% of GDP by 2028, potentially triggering austerity. Meanwhile, political disputes persist over the Constitutional Tribunal's budget and US military base's.

  15. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish governing coalition secures majority in latest poll

    A new poll shows Donald Tusk’s governing coalition holding a majority for the first time in two years, while the Polish right-wing opposition faces declining support amid internal conflicts and scandals.

  16. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland political leadership struggle intensifies

    Polish political leaders face a shifting landscape as Jarosław Kaczyński fights to retain influence, Karol Nawrocki emerges as a contender, and Donald Tusk manages economic and coalition pressures.

  17. [BUSINESS] 14 sources
    Moody's downgrades Poland's credit rating to A3

    Moody's downgraded Poland's credit rating from A2 to A3 due to worsening fiscal conditions, high deficits, and rising public debt, despite a stable outlook and strong economic growth.

  18. [POLITICS] 20 sources
    Kraków mayoral race tightens as national polls show shifting party support

    Polish polls show a tightening mayoral race in Kraków between Łukasz Gibała and Monika Piątkowska, while national trends show Koalicja Obywatelska leading as PiS and Konfederacja compete for second place.

  19. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish coalition members criticize Tusk government performance

    Polish coalition members and allies are criticizing the Tusk government over communication failures regarding the National Recovery Plan and a perceived delay in implementing systemic reforms.

  20. [POLITICS] 15 sources
    Poland political polls show KO leading but coalition majority at risk

    Polish polls show Koalicja Obywatelska leading, but the governing coalition faces a potential loss of majority as right-wing parties gain ground and several partners fall below the electoral threshold.

  21. [POLITICS] 6 sources
    Poland faces political deadlock despite economic growth

    Despite economic success, Poland faces political deadlock due to conflicts between the Tusk government, the President, and the Constitutional Tribunal, stalling rule of law reforms.

  22. [POLITICS] 16 sources
    Karol Nawrocki leads Polish political trust rankings amid shifting polls

    Polish President Karol Nawrocki leads political trust rankings with 50.2% approval, though his popularity in Ukraine has dropped. Meanwhile, Radosław Sikorski is rising and Donald Tusk faces domestic criticism.

  23. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish coalition to attempt override of presidential veto

    The Polish governing coalition will attempt to override President Karol Nawrocki's veto on the status of a close person act during the upcoming Sejm session, potentially relying on the new Rozwój Plus club.

  24. [POLITICS] 6 sources
    Poland: Tusk government prepares for political clash with President Nawrocki

    Poland faces an escalating political conflict as Donald Tusk’s government prepares for a confrontation with President Karol Nawrocki over presidential vetoes and the scope of executive power.

  25. [BUSINESS] 3 sources
    Fitch affirms Poland’s A- credit rating with negative outlook

    Fitch Ratings affirmed Poland’s A- credit rating but kept a negative outlook due to high budget deficits, rising public debt, and risks regarding fiscal consolidation and political spending.

  26. [POLITICS] 6 sources
    Poland: Political tensions rise over presidential vetoes and controversial comparisons

    Polish Deputy Foreign Minister Marcin Bosacki sparked controversy by comparing President Karol Nawrocki unfavorably to Wojciech Jaruzelski, citing the President's frequent use of vetoes.

  27. [BUSINESS] 17 sources
    Poland credit rating maintained at A- by Fitch with negative outlook

    Fitch Ratings maintained Poland's credit rating at A- but kept a negative outlook due to fiscal deficit risks, political tensions, and the lack of a consolidation plan. The government has proposed tax reforms.

  28. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland political tensions rise over defense vetoes and coalition dynamics

    Polish political leaders face internal friction over defense industry vetoes and a perceived lack of momentum within the governing coalition as they prepare for upcoming electoral challenges.

  29. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Marta Nawrocka holds higher approval ratings than President Karol Nawrocki

    A new poll by Instytut Badań Pollster shows Polish First Lady Marta Nawrocka enjoys a 64% approval rating, significantly higher than President Karol Nawrocki's 47% approval.

  30. [POLITICS] 13 sources
    Poland political polls show KO leading amid rising right-wing support

    New Polish polls show Koalicja Obywatelska leading, but with declining support, while right-wing parties gain ground. Most citizens expect Donald Tusk to remain Prime Minister until 2027.

  31. [POLITICS] 10 sources
    Poland: Public views negative on Tusk-Nawrocki relations

    Polish polls show a majority of citizens believe the strained relations between PM Donald Tusk and President Karol Nawrocki negatively impact national security, alongside dissatisfaction with fuel prices.

  32. [POLITICS] 13 sources
    Poland: Majority of citizens criticize Donald Tusk's government

    A United Surveys poll shows 58% of Poles criticize Donald Tusk's government, highlighting sharp political polarization between coalition supporters and the opposition.

  33. [POLITICS] 38 sources
    Karol Nawrocki's First Year as President Sparks Polarized Opinion and Budget Losses

    One year after Karol Nawrocki’s inauguration, polls show a 56 %/40.5 % split, 41 vetoes cost up to 8.2 bn zł, and leaders warn of a shift toward presidential power.

  34. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Polish Prosecutors Open Investigation into Attempted Poisoning of Presidential Candidate Karol Nawrocki

    Polish prosecutors are investigating an alleged poisoning of presidential candidate Karol Nawrocki after he fell ill during 2025 campaign events in Ząbkowice Śląskie and Dzierżoniów.

  35. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    Polish Prosecutor Ends 'Two Towers' Fraud Probe Involving Jarosław Kaczyński

    Polish prosecutors closed the “two towers” fraud probe, finding no evidence Jarosław Kaczyński directed decisions for the Srebrna skyscraper project, and deeming Gerald Birgfellner's claims unfounded.

  36. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish President Karol Navrocki investigated for possible poisoning

    Former security chief claims Polish President Navrocki may have been deliberately poisoned during the 2025 campaign; the president refused hospital care and a Polish prosecutor’s office opened an investigation.

  37. [POLITICS] 9 sources
    Polish New Left leader Włodzimierz Czarzasty calls for coalition with Party Razem

    New Left leader Włodzimierz Czarzasty said he hopes to unite with Party Razem for upcoming elections, while questioning their willingness and noting past controversial votes.

  38. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Poland's Law and Justice party under growing political pressure

    Polls show Poland's Law and Justice party trailing right‑wing rivals, while the party reacts anxiously to a probe into the Polish National Foundation.

  39. [POLITICS] 11 sources
    Poland’s New Centrist Party Unia Centrum Launched

    Unia Centrum, a new centrist party led by minister Paulina Hennig‑Kloska, was launched in Poland, stemming from a split in Polska 2050; Ryszard Petru declined to join and plans his own liberal party.

  40. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Patryk Jaki says PiS‑Confederation coalition could topple current government

    Patryk Jaki said a PiS‑Confederation coalition could topple the current government, warned he’ll quit if the party softens its EU stance, dismissed a second “Polexit”, and cited Poland’s net‑payer status and EU

  41. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Donald Tusk’s government faces record low approval in new poll

    New polls show 51 % of Poles rating Donald Tusk’s government negatively and only a third rating it positively, highlighting rising discontent ahead of the 2025 elections.

  42. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish Law and Justice Party suspends MP Szymon Giżyński amid Częstochowa referendum clash

    PiS leader Jarosław Kaczyński suspended MP Szymon Giżyński after he opposed the party’s push for a Częstochowa referendum to recall the mayor, who faces corruption charges.

  43. [POLITICS] 7 sources
    Polish government support falls amid South Hospital scandal

    Polls show 51 % disapprove of Tusk’s government, KO drops to 31 % support, PiS slight gain, health sector rating 73 % negative, and about 23 % demand resignations after the South Hospital scandal.

  44. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Polish President Karol Nawrocki edges ahead in approval poll

    A July 2026 SW Research poll shows 40.2% of Poles view President Karol Nawrocki positively versus 38.2% negative, while CBOS places his trust at 53%, up five points.

  45. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish prosecutors face promotion stalemate over halted nominations

    Poland's Lex Super Omnia protests the Justice Ministry's refusal to appoint higher‑level prosecutors, citing lack of transparency and staffing shortages across regional offices.

  46. [POLITICS] 6 sources
    Polish President Karol Nawrocki's alleged poisoning fuels political debate

    President Karol Nawrocki claims a 2025 campaign poisoning attempt; prosecutors investigate while former President Kwaśniewski and journalist Stankiewicz dismiss it as baseless.

  47. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Civic Coalition Tops Latest Polish Opinion Poll

    A poll for Super Express shows Civic Coalition at 32.45%, PiS at 24.97%, and Confederation at 12.75%; Morawiecki’s Development Plus would get just 2%—far below the electoral threshold.

  48. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Polish Prosecutors End 'Two Towers' Corruption Probe

    Polish prosecutors closed the “two towers” fraud probe, citing no criminal evidence, sparking political criticism over alleged interference.

  49. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland's Law and Justice Party Schedules Kłodzko Convention to Criticise Governing Coalition

    Poland's Law and Justice Party will hold a Kłodzko convention on July 5 to allege coalition fraud, cite a hospital scandal, and repeat its anti‑cryptocurrency stance.

  50. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Karol Nawrocki poisoning allegations spark government and political debate in Poland

    Karol Nawrocki’s sudden illness during the 2025 campaign has sparked claims of a poisoning attempt, prompting government comments, a prosecutor’s probe, and opposition dismissals as baseless.

  51. [POLITICS] 7 sources
    Poland's 'two towers' probe dismissed, sparks political backlash

    Poland’s Warsaw prosecutor dismissed the ‘two towers’ investigation, prompting praise from PiS, criticism and appeal threats from opposition figures, and statements defending prosecutorial independence.

  52. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland's opposition leaders eye joint list and parliamentary club shake‑up

    Polish opposition figures Paweł Śliz and PSL vice‑premier Władysław Kosiniak‑Kamysz discuss a joint list with Szymon Hołownia and a leadership contest for the Poland 2050 parliamentary club amid low poll scores

  53. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Polish poll shows KO lead narrowing as PiS and right‑wing parties gain ground

    A late‑June poll shows KO at ~29 %, PiS at ~24 %, with right‑wing parties gaining. Simulated seats give KO 165 seats, PiS 135, and a right‑wing bloc a majority, while smaller parties fall below the threshold.

  54. [POLITICS] 20 sources
    Karol Nawrocki’s alleged campaign poisoning prompts prosecutor investigation

    Karol Nawrocki claims he was possibly poisoned during his 2025 campaign; prosecutors opened a probe, officials call it serious, police find no crime yet.

  55. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    Poland's ruling PiS plans major July convention as polls show tight race

    PiS will hold a July 5 convention in Kłodzko to launch a new accountability plan as polls show KO leading with 28 %, PiS at 24 %, and Confederation gaining traction.

  56. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    Poland President Karol Nawrocki Hits Record Trust Rating, Boosting Re‑election Prospects

    Polish President Karol Nawrocki reached a record 54.8% trust rating in an IBRiS poll, the highest ever, with analysts linking the surge to his early‑term agenda, Ukraine stance and political turmoil, boosting a

  57. [POLITICS] 8 sources
    Czarzasty pushes for joint left list in 2027 Polish elections

    Sejm speaker Czarzasty urges a joint left list for Poland's 2027 election; Zandberg says Czarzasty already backs Tusk, while Senyszyn is open to talks.

  58. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński outlines PiS election strategy

    Jarosław Kaczyński says PiS must adopt a “big tent” to win the next election, while commentators warn the party’s turn to emotive “Bąkiewizacja” tactics could alienate centrist voters.

  59. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland coalition joint list poll shows under 40% public support

    A June 2026 poll finds only 39.8% of Poles would back a joint list of governing parties, with 42.8% opposed, casting doubt on the coalition’s 2027 election strategy.

  60. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Roman Giertych Demands Sanctions After Sejm Clash with Kaczyński and Czarnek

    Roman Giertych called for disciplinary action against Jarosław Kaczyński and Przemysław Czarnek after a heated Sejm debate over alleged fund misuse and vulgar remarks.

  61. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński, 77, draws public interest with personal recollections and modest Warsaw home

    Jarosław Kaczyński turned 77; a repeat of his 2010 interview reveals a youthful emotional involvement, while his modest Warsaw home, filled with books, continues to attract public curiosity.

  62. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland poll shows KO ahead while opposition parties could together command majority

    United Surveys poll for Virtual Poland shows KO at 29.7%, PiS 24.1% and Grzegorz Braun’s Konfederacja Korony Polskiej 9.6%, giving the opposition a combined majority of 243 of 460 seats.

  63. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński's leadership future and PiS programme debated in Poland

    Jarosław Kaczyński's grip on PiS is questioned as analysts warn of a potential leadership shake‑up and economists condemn the party’s new tax and energy proposals as unrealistic.

  64. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Poland's PiS rallies around Morawiecki and Czarnek on election strategy and fertility policy

    PiS leaders Morawiecki and Czarnek outlined election tactics and disputed Poland's low fertility causes, stressing jobs, housing and family values.

  65. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Karol Nawrocki Leads Polish Trust Poll as Sikorski Spars Over US Trip

    Karol Nawrocki tops a Polish trust poll, while Radosław Sikorski jokes about Nawrocki’s US UFC trip in a satirical online poll.

  66. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński’s leadership faces mixed public ratings as PiS celebrates 25 years

    Polls show mixed but mostly positive views of Jarosław Kaczyński as PiS marks 25 years; he also testified in a real‑estate probe and is praised for his long‑term party‑building tactics.

  67. [POLITICS] 7 sources
    Polish polls put Civic Coalition ahead, PiS trailing, and rate Czarnek poorly

    Polish polls show Civic Coalition leading with ~32%, PiS trailing at ~25‑30%, Confederation ~12%, and 73‑76% voter intent; a separate poll finds 64% view Czarnek as a poor premier.

  68. [POLITICS] 4 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński questioned for nine hours in Warsaw prosecutor’s office

    Jarosław Kaczyński was interrogated for about nine hours in Warsaw over the “two towers” scandal. He answered all questions, was accompanied by lawyers, and later criticized MP Roman Giertych’s role as a victim

  69. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński interrogated for hours in Warsaw over ‘two towers’ probe

    Jarosław Kaczyński was questioned for nine hours by Warsaw prosecutors regarding the “two towers” investigation, a case linked to a planned high‑rise project and earlier controversial interrogations.

  70. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński testifies in two‑tower development probe

    Jarosław Kaczyński testified to prosecutors about the unfinished two‑tower Warsaw project, sparking scrutiny over alleged cash deals and political‑business ties.

  71. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    Poland's PiS launches 'Po Pierwsze Polska' association to back premier hopeful Przemysław Czarnk

    Jacek Sasin created the “Po Pierwsze Polska” association within Poland's PiS, drawing over 100 MPs to support candidate Przemysław Czarnk and pledge loyalty to Jarosław Kaczyński.

  72. [POLITICS] 6 sources
    Poland's PiS rallies Czarnek and Morawiecki while Kaczyński appears in prosecutor’s office

    PiS leaders Czarnek and Morawiecki unite in Gorzów, stressing a fresh electoral message, while party chief Kaczyński appears before prosecutors in the revived “two towers” scandal.

  73. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Jaroslaw Kaczynski remains top right‑wing figure as PiS support trails

    Jaroslaw Kaczynski remains the top right‑wing figure in Poland, but PiS polls at 23.7% lag behind the Civic Coalition's 29.3%, with other right leaders gaining modest support.

  74. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński leads Polish right as President Karol Nawrocki’s trust wanes

    Jarosław Kaczyński tops a poll of Poland’s right, while President Karol Nawrocki remains the most trusted politician at 46 % but loses ground to Radosław Sikorski.

  75. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Jarosław Kaczyński named leader of Polish right in poll

    A poll of 1,057 Poles (May 28‑29) found Jarosław Kaczyński the clear leader of the Polish right with 38% support, ahead of Karol Nawrocki (19%) and Grzegorz Braun (5%).

  76. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Polish 2027 election polls show KO ahead, PiS slipping

    Latest polls for Poland's 2027 parliamentary election put the Civic Coalition ahead of Law and Justice, with KO around 30‑35% and PiS about 24‑26% support.

  77. [POLITICS] 5 sources
    Polish Civic Coalition Leads PiS in Latest IBRiS Poll

    IBRiS poll (29 May‑2 June 2026) places Civic Coalition at 29.3 %, PiS at 23.7 %, with a 5.6‑point gap; turnout expected at 64.7 %.

  78. [POLITICS] 3 sources
    Polish poll shows Civic Coalition ahead of Law and Justice

    A May poll in Poland gives Civic Coalition 33% support, Law and Justice 27%, with smaller parties ranging from 7% to 13%.

  79. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Polish poll shows split opinion on PiS prime minister candidate Czarnek

    May 2026 polls show Poles divided on keeping Przemysław Czarnek as PiS’s prime‑minister candidate, with about 40% favouring a change and a similar share opposing, amid rising party tensions.

  80. [POLITICS] 2 sources
    Poland's Law and Justice leaders Morawiecki and Czarnek schedule joint Gorzow meeting amid internal rift

    Morawiecki and Czarnek plan a joint Gorzów meeting as PiS downplays internal tensions, with MP Cieszyński saying no shouting occurred.

Sources

2030magyarorszag.hu · 7dni.com.pl · angora24.pl · bezprawnik.pl · bilgorajska.pl · bizblog.spidersweb.pl · biznes.interia.pl · biznesinfo.pl · burbonik.pl · carpatiabiznes.pl · cgs.pl · chavesantiga.blogs.sapo.pt · ckinfo.pl · czasnakosmetyki.pl · donald.pl · dorzeczy.pl · dziennik-polityczny.com · dziennik.pl · dzienniknarodowy.pl · e-prawnik.pl · efakt.pl · energetyka24.com · everyfutbol.co · fakt.pl · fakty.interia.pl · fcmb.com · festiwaljawor.pl · firma.rp.pl · forsal.pl · fxstreet.cz · gazeta-lokalna.pl · gospodarka.gazeta.pl · gwarkowie.pl · historia.newsweek.pl · hlavnespravy.sk · hnonline.sk · info.kanal6.pl · isokolka.eu · jam.unine.ch · jastrzabpost.pl · journalofmicrobiology.com · kierunki.info.pl · konfederacja.com.pl · kozaczek.pl · kristianstad.no · krknews.pl · krzysztofprzybyl.natemat.pl · kutno.net.pl

This summary has been updated 29 times: see revision history